Overview
Health and safety is embedded throughout every aspect of F-Gas work. Refrigerants, high pressures, electrical systems, and the environments in which RACHP equipment is installed all present hazards. EU Implementing Regulation 2015/2067 requires that certified technicians demonstrate competence in identifying risks and applying appropriate controls. Every F-Gas exam category assesses health and safety knowledge.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Working with refrigerants demands specific PPE at all times:
- Safety goggles or a face shield — liquid refrigerant boils at very low temperatures and causes instant frostbite or eye damage on skin/eye contact.
- Protective gloves — insulated gloves suitable for cryogenic contact when handling liquid refrigerant or cold components.
- Safety footwear — steel-toed boots protect against dropped cylinders and heavy components.
- Hearing protection — required when working near noisy compressor or plant rooms for extended periods.
Refrigerant Exposure Risks
- Skin and eye contact with liquid refrigerant causes cold burns (frostbite). Flush affected areas with copious lukewarm water; do not rub. Seek medical attention.
- Inhalation of refrigerant vapour in high concentrations displaces oxygen, leading to asphyxiation. Symptoms include dizziness, drowsiness, and loss of consciousness. Fluorinated refrigerants are heavier than air and accumulate in basements, pits, and enclosed low-level spaces.
- Cardiac sensitisation — some fluorinated gases can sensitise the heart to adrenaline at high concentrations, potentially causing fatal arrhythmia. Avoid physical exertion after exposure and seek medical help immediately.
- Phosgene gas — when fluorinated refrigerants are exposed to open flame or very hot surfaces, they decompose into highly toxic phosgene and hydrogen fluoride. Never use a naked flame to detect leaks. Ensure adequate ventilation when brazing near a charged system.
Ventilation and Oxygen Displacement
- Refrigerant vapour is denser than air (with the exception of ammonia) and sinks to ground level.
- Mechanical ventilation or natural ventilation must be verified before entering any enclosed space where refrigerant may have accumulated.
- Oxygen monitors / refrigerant leak alarms should be used in plant rooms and machinery spaces, particularly where large charges are present.
- The Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) for each refrigerant must not be exceeded. Typical 8-hour TWA limits vary by substance.
Cylinder Handling and Storage
- Cylinders must be stored upright, secured, in well-ventilated areas, away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
- Never heat a cylinder with a direct flame to increase pressure — use only warm water or a heated blanket within safe limits.
- Always use a pressure regulator when transferring gas. Check the cylinder valve and connection for damage before use.
- Observe the maximum fill level (80 %) for recovery cylinders to prevent hydraulic pressure from thermal expansion.
- Transport cylinders in accordance with ADR regulations, properly secured and with hazard labels visible.
Other Hazards
- Electrical safety — isolate and lock-off electrical supplies before working on any component. Use a voltage tester to confirm isolation.
- Working at height — use appropriate access equipment (scaffolding, MEWP, ladders conforming to current regulations) when servicing rooftop or elevated equipment.
- Confined spaces — a formal risk assessment, permit to work, and standby person are required before entering any confined space.
Exam Tip: Expect scenario-based questions on first aid for refrigerant burns (flush with lukewarm water, never hot), the risks of phosgene exposure when brazing, and the correct storage orientation for cylinders. Know that refrigerant vapour sinks (except ammonia) and accumulates at low level — this is a very commonly tested point.
